Wednesday, 20 August 2025

The Satanic Affair: Unhealed Wound and the Shadow of History

 The Satanic Affair: Unhealed Wound and the Shadow of History

 Mubasher Mir




On the midnight of 14–15 August 1947, the Indian subcontinent—a civilization of rivers and empires, poets and pilgrims—was split into two new nations. The transition was meant to be a celebration of independence, but instead it became one of the largest, bloodiest upheavals in human history. The centuries-old tapestry of culture, language, and faith was severed along hastily drawn borders, leaving a scar that still runs deep.

Mountbatten’s Crucible: Hastening History

In the final days of British rule, political ambition, imperial fatigue, and hurried diplomacy converged in the figure of Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India. His appointment, accelerated by lobbying and imperial calculation, would set in motion decisions that millions would remember as betrayal.

Rumors—of intimacy between Jawaharlal Nehru and Edwina Mountbatten, the Vicereine—spread like wildfire, becoming, for some, the symbol of a deeper political conspiracy. Whether fact or fabrication, this perception hardened into what many in Pakistan later called the “Satanic Affair,” a metaphor for a fateful chain of decisions that still shape the destinies of nearly two billion people.

When Mountbatten assumed the role of Viceroy in March 1947, he inherited a nation on the brink of civil war. His predecessor, Lord Wavell, had worked on the Cabinet Mission Plan—a federated India intended to avoid partition—but the communal riots of Bengal and Punjab had already shattered that vision.

Mountbatten’s original mandate was to transfer power by June 1948. Yet within weeks, he brought the deadline forward by ten months, fearing prolonged instability could engulf the subcontinent in uncontrollable violence. Critics argue that this haste left no time for safe migration, proper policing, or fair boundary demarcation.

The borders themselves were entrusted to Sir Cyril Radcliffe, a British lawyer who had never visited India before. Given just five weeks, Radcliffe drew the lines that became the Radcliffe Award, cutting through villages, families, and farmlands. His decision to award several Muslim-majority tehsils in Punjab to India, and to leave the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir unresolved, planted the seeds of decades of conflict.

The Nehru–Edwina Connection: Politics or Perception?

The alleged romantic bond between Nehru and Edwina Mountbatten remains one of the most sensationalized stories in modern South Asian history. Their surviving correspondence, as published in Pamela Hicks’ Daughter of Empire, reveals deep affection and intellectual kinship. Historians like Alex von Tunzelmann (Indian Summer) note emotional intimacy but find no conclusive evidence of a physical affair.

Still, in the tense political climate of 1947, perception mattered as much as fact. For many in Pakistan, the friendship was recast as a corrupt influence on Mountbatten’s decisions—especially the Radcliffe Award. Whether true or not, the optics were politically damaging, and the belief that Nehru’s closeness to the Vicereine tilted the borders in India’s favor became part of nationalist memory.

Indian National Congress leaders, particularly Nehru and Patel, were seen in Pakistan as harsh, overconfident, and unwilling to compromise.

Jinnah’s Refusal and Diverging Paths

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League and founder of Pakistan, refused to accept Mountbatten as Governor-General of the new nation, seeing it as an infringement on sovereignty. This decision set Pakistan and India on separate, often hostile, trajectories from day one.

Nehru, in contrast, retained Mountbatten as India’s Governor-General for ten months after independence—a move critics in Pakistan saw as political bribery, though others saw it as pragmatic.

Partition unleashed a human tragedy on an unimaginable scale. Between 10 and 15 million people were uprooted in the largest mass migration in history. Trains arrived full of corpses; entire caravans vanished. Estimates of the dead range from 500,000 to over one million. Women bore the heaviest burden—tens of thousands were abducted, raped, or killed in the name of “honor.”

The arbitrary borders left Kashmir a flashpoint, sparking the First Indo-Pakistani War (1947–48) and laying the foundation for future conflicts: 1965, 1971, Siachen, Kargil in 1999, and countless skirmishes since.

Gandhi’s Last Stand

Mahatma Gandhi, opposed to both partition and communal violence, spent his last months fasting, mediating, and urging India to honor its financial commitments to Pakistan. After convincing Nehru’s cabinet to release Rs. 55 crores owed to Pakistan, Gandhi was assassinated in January 1948 by Nathuram Godse—a Hindu nationalist who saw him as a traitor. Gandhi’s death silenced one of the last voices for reconciliation.

From Cold War to Cold Peace

In the decades after partition, Indo-Pak hostility hardened into permanence. Kashmir remained unresolved, disputes over river waters persisted despite the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, and Cold War alignments deepened mistrust.

Pakistan, smaller and weaker economically, devoted over 20% of its budget to defence, sacrificing investment in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. India also expanded its military, with both nations ultimately testing nuclear weapons in 1998.

Democracy in Chains

Both nations began as parliamentary democracies but have seen recurring authoritarian episodes. India’s Emergency (1975–77) under Indira Gandhi suspended civil liberties; in 2019, the Modi government revoked Article 370, altering Jammu & Kashmir’s status—seen by many as an act of repression. Pakistan, meanwhile, endured repeated military coups (1958, 1977, 1999), along with shrinking press freedom and politicized judiciary in recent years.

Economic inequality remains severe: nearly half of rural Pakistan and a quarter of rural India live below their respective poverty lines, with healthcare and literacy—especially for women—still lagging.

The Diaspora and the Lost Dream

Millions from both countries now live abroad—in the UK, US, Canada, and the Gulf. Once, cities like Lahore, Delhi, Karachi, and Calcutta were cosmopolitan hubs of culture and commerce. Today, decades of hostility have made such exchanges rare. The youth of both nations increasingly look abroad for opportunity, leaving behind a region rich in history but starved of cooperation.

A Call for Intellectual Solidarity

The “Satanic Affair” is more than speculation about Nehru and Edwina. It symbolizes the bitter truth that personal relationships, rushed decisions, and imperial disengagement combined to produce an enduring tragedy. Britain, while celebrating its “successful” decolonization, rarely acknowledges the humanitarian disaster it left behind.

For South Asia, a reckoning is overdue. Historians, writers, and civic leaders from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh must speak together: to acknowledge wrongs, resist the politics of hatred, and redirect national energies toward human development.

Seventy-eight years after independence, the people of the subcontinent still share languages, cuisines, and music—yet remain divided by mistrust. The lesson of the “Satanic Affair” is that personal mistrust can be as destructive as political conflict, and that secrecy and haste can wound nations more deeply than open hostility.

Reconciliation will not come from governments alone. It must be built by the people—across borders, religions, and generations—choosing to see one another not as enemies, but as co-heirs to a shared, wounded, and still-beautiful civilization. All nations of the subcontinent must learn to live as good neighbors.

Peace in South Asia ultimately depends on equality—and the key to it lies in New Delhi.

Karachi Political Diary

 Karachi Political Diary

 Mubasher Mir



Civil Awards: Honour or Controversy?
Every year on Pakistan’s Independence Day, the federal government announces civil awards to recognize individuals from various walks of life. In principle, these awards symbolize merit, service, and excellence. Yet, in practice, they often generate controversy.

This year, too, criticism emerged as a significant number of awards went to politicians, ministers, and media figures considered close to ruling circles. Such decisions weaken the credibility of the civil awards and raise the question: is merit truly the only criterion?

A deeper concern lies in regional imbalance. Most recipients come from major cities—Islamabad, Karachi, and Lahore—while smaller towns and districts, rich with unsung heroes, remain ignored. This exclusion undermines both talent recognition and the spirit of national inclusivity.

To restore credibility, reforms are urgently needed:

District-level nominations must be made mandatory.

Independent committees should include neutral academics, experts, and civil society members.

Selection criteria should be based on public service, innovation, and social impact.

The nomination and evaluation process should be made public.

Only then can the civil awards rise above controversy and reflect genuine national pride.

Karachi’s Roads: A City Under Siege

While debates around civil awards continue, Karachi faces a far deadlier crisis: its roads have become death traps. Pakistan’s largest metropolis is turning into an open graveyard, where motorcyclists, car passengers, and pedestrians alike live under constant threat.

The statistics are chilling:

In the first seven months of 2025, 546 people died and over 8,100 were injured in traffic accidents.

Heavy vehicles alone caused 165 deaths.

In 2024, 616 deaths were recorded—four times higher than the previous year.

In 2023, the situation was catastrophic: over 1,400 deaths and 18,000 injuries. On average, 500 people were affected daily.

Motorcyclists accounted for 58% of deaths, while pedestrians made up 24%.

Karachi hosts 6.5 million vehicles, of which 4.4 million are motorcycles, the most vulnerable group.

Each day, 15,000–16,000 trucks and 5,000 dumpers enter the city, many with armed guards, spreading fear and chaos.

Broken roads, poor lighting, lack of speed enforcement, and weak law enforcement fuel the carnage. Authorities have imposed night restrictions on heavy vehicles, introduced QR-code certification, and increased fines. A “Karachi Road Accident Analysis Team” has been set up, yet fatalities continue.

As one grieving citizen remarked after losing a family crushed under an oil tanker:

> “This is not an accident; it is the criminal negligence of the state and the transport mafia.”

This is not just Karachi’s tragedy—it is a warning for Pakistan as a whole.

Governance, Politics, and Constitutional Boundaries

The crisis of governance extends beyond traffic. Political tensions deepened when Karachi Mayor Murtaza Wahab urged Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif to take notice of Governor Sindh Kamran Tessori’s political activities.

By law, a governor is supposed to be neutral, representing the federation, not a political party. Yet, Tessori’s remarks on reviving the “old MQM” and bringing back the “bhai” stirred debate. The Mayor sarcastically commented: “He thinks of himself as the bhai.”

At the same time, Wahab highlighted development projects under PPP’s municipal leadership—such as the K-IV water project (long delayed by successive governments), improvements to the Hub Canal, children’s health centers, and facilities for special children. He claimed these reflect PPP’s commitment to Karachi’s people.

However, critics argue that Karachi’s deep-rooted crises—water shortages, sewage failures, broken transport, collapsing health systems—cannot be solved through piecemeal projects or political point-scoring.

Interestingly, while Wahab insists governors should stay away from politics, Pakistan’s broader reality suggests otherwise. Governors in Punjab and KP also give political statements, and even the President is a party leader. In such a political culture, constitutional neutrality often remains a theory rather than practice.

 Security and Society

Despite fears, Independence Day celebrations and the Chehlum of Imam Hussain (A.S.) were held peacefully across Karachi, thanks to extraordinary efforts by law enforcement and administration. Authorities often demonstrate efficiency in organizing state ceremonies—but far less commitment when it comes to resolving people’s everyday problems.

A tragic development shook the city’s journalistic community when young reporter Khawar Hussain was found dead in his car outside a restaurant in Sanghar, his hometown. Police termed it a suicide, but colleagues demanded an impartial investigation, raising concerns about safety and transparency.

Conclusion: Karachi as a Test Case

Karachi, Pakistan’s economic engine and largest city, is more than a local issue—it is a test case for governance, law enforcement, and constitutional boundaries.

If civil awards remain politicized, if roads continue to claim lives unchecked, and if constitutional offices abandon neutrality, Pakistan risks eroding both public trust and national unity.

The choice is stark: either establish transparency, enforce law, and prioritize citizens’ welfare—or continue watching as both national honours and human lives lose their sanctity.

Tuesday, 12 August 2025

Karachi Political Diary

 Karachi Political Diary 

 Mubasher Mir



Sindh Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah has announced the schedule for the events to be held across the province on the occasion of Independence Day. Addressing a press conference at the Sindh Information Department’s social media cell, the Chief Minister stated that the central theme of the events, which began on August 1, will be "The Battle of Truth," symbolizing national pride and the victory of truth over oppression.
The press conference was attended by Provincial Ministers Sharjeel Inam Memon, Nasir Shah, Saeed Ghani, Mohammad Bakhsh Khan Mehr, and Zulfiqar Shah.

Murad Ali Shah emphasized that this year’s events would not be limited to ceremonial functions but would aim to instill a renewed sense of patriotism, highlight the cultural beauty of Sindh, and encourage those who have rebuilt their lives after the recent floods.

He stated that this year’s Independence Day would not only commemorate freedom but also refresh the memory of the victory of truth over India, underscoring the difference between a free nation and the plight of oppressed peoples.

The Chief Minister also revealed that economic improvement projects would be presented to the public, including his flagship program, "Udaan Pakistan." He invited all political parties to participate in the events, stating that formal invitations would be sent soon. He mentioned that schools would remain open during this time, and the education department would organize special programs in commemoration of Independence Day.

Special arrangements were made for those traveling to Gorakh Hill and Thar. The Chief Minister expressed hope that there would be strong participation in the concerts to be held in Karachi, Hyderabad, and Sukkur.

Sindh Governor Kamran Tessori, while speaking about the Independence Day programs, mentioned that the Chehlum of Imam Hussain would be observed on August 15. However, he urged that the gatherings begin earlier, but with simplicity, to maintain respect for the martyrs of Karbala.

In the Sindh Assembly, a joint resolution was passed in response to NEPRA’s decision to impose an additional Rs 50 billion burden on electricity consumers in Karachi. The resolution was introduced by MQM’s Aamir Siddiqui, PPP’s Heer Sohoo, and PTI’s Shabbir Qureshi. Before the resolution's approval, members from both the government and opposition criticized the poor performance of electricity distribution companies in Sindh, prolonged load shedding, and the unfair collection of heavy electricity bills from consumers.

Senior Sindh Minister for Information, Transport, and Mass Transit Sharjeel Inam Memon criticized the failure of power distribution companies, particularly K-Electric, HESCO, and SEPCO. He noted that resolutions against these companies had been presented in the assembly multiple times, but unfortunately, the concerned authorities had never responded adequately.

To address the energy crisis, the Sindh government has started providing solar systems to citizens living in extreme temperatures, but this is not a permanent solution. Sharjeel Memon stressed that a long-term, sustainable solution to the energy crisis must be found. He suggested that power distribution companies introduce prepaid meters to not only resolve complaints but also eliminate issues like electricity theft. He also said that either prepaid meters should be installed, or the practice of collective punishment on consumers must end.

Memon pointed out that the punishment for K-Electric's line losses is being imposed on the entire population of Karachi. During the election campaign, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari had promised that 300 units of electricity would be provided for free. In response to a question at the Federation House, Sindh Minister for Local Government Syed Nasir Hussain Shah stated that this promise would be fulfilled once Bilawal Bhutto Zardari becomes the Prime Minister. For now, solar systems are being provided.

Karachi Mayor Barrister Murtaza Wahab inaugurated a Fish Food Street in Kemari, which is a unique recreational initiative by the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) aimed at providing citizens with a new place to enjoy. The inaugural ceremony was attended by Deputy Mayor of Karachi Salman Abdullah Murad, Member Sindh Assembly Asif Khan, MPA Liaquat Skani, Deputy Parliamentary Leader of the City Council Dil Mohammad, Jaman Darwan, and other dignitaries.

While this initiative provides a new center for food and entertainment, Mayor Wahab’s priorities seem puzzling. Given that it is currently the breeding season for fish, the capture and consumption of fish should be restricted. However, he chose to inaugurate a food street instead.

There is a dire lack of attention to the city's urban forest. KMC should focus on developing forests, as Karachi suffers from extreme heat, and millions of children are deprived of basic education. Mayor Wahab should focus on improving KMC schools, as even a laborer refuses to send their children to government schools.

Although a food street has been established along the coast before, the growing garbage in the sea has not received the necessary attention. The vision that Karachi desperately needs seems to be missing.